Shilajit
Research reviewed: up until 02.08
Shilajit is a dietary supplement with 8 published peer-reviewed studies involving 481 participants, researched for Testosterone & Sperm, Performance enhancement, Skin and 2 more areas.
Evidence at a Glance
Strength is scored by study design, sample size, study type, and outcomes
Testosterone & Sperm
ModeratePerformance enhancement
ModerateSkin
ModerateBone Health
ModerateAntioxidants
ModerateResearch Visualised
Visual breakdown of the clinical data.
Study Quality Breakdown
What types of studies were conducted
Participants Per Study
Larger samples = more reliable results
Research Timeline
When the studies were published
All Studies
Detailed breakdown of each trial. Click to expand.
Testosterone & Sperm
To evaluate the effects of processed shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers.
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of processed shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers.
Dose
500 mg/day of purified shilajit (2 x 250 mg capsules) or placebo
Participants
75 healthy male volunteers aged 45-55 years
Duration
90 days
Results
The researchers observed significant increases in the total testosterone levels (20.45%) and free testosterone levels (19.14%) after 90 days of shilajit supplementation compared to the levels at the start of the study. The placebo group, on the other hand, experienced significant decreases in testosterone levels in the placebo group. Moreover, the study found an association between shilajit supplementation and a 31.35% increase in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, which is a precursor to testosterone. Elevated DHEA levels may help to increase levels of male sex hormones, including testosterone. Regarding changes in the levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (hormones that play important roles in the regulation of the reproductive system), the shilajit-treated group and placebo group did not differ significantly. Overall, the study found a correlation between shilajit supplementation and increases in total and free testosterone levels, the maintenance of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, and increases in the testosterone precursor DHEA.
To evaluate the effects of shilajit on sperm production in male patients with low sperm count (oligospermic).
Study Type
Clinical trial (uncontrolled)
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of shilajit on sperm production in male patients with low sperm count (oligospermic).
Dose
200 mg/day of processed shilajit (2 x 100 mg capsules)
Participants
28 male patients with low sperm count aged 30-45 years
Duration
90 days
Results
The researchers observed a significant increase in total sperm count (61.4%), sperm movement (12.4%-17.4%) and normal sperm count (18.9%) in male patients following shilajit supplementation. Higher levels of testosterone (23.5%) and follicle-stimulating hormone (9.4%) were also observed, indicating a potential positive effect on male reproductive health. The study also found an association between shilajit supplementation and a decrease in MDA (malondialdehyde) level in semen. Lower levels of MDA in semen are generally seen as beneficial for fertility and reproductive function. MDA is a marker of oxidative stress, and higher levels of oxidative stress can harm cells and have negative effects on various bodily functions, including reproductive health. No negative reactions were reported by any patients during the treatment period. The study suggests that shilajit treatment is safe and may have beneficial effects on sperm production and overall male reproductive function.
Performance enhancement
To investigate the effects of shilajit on blood “pro-collagen type 1 alpha 1”, a fundamental molecule in collagen production, in recreationally trained men.
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Purpose
To investigate the effects of shilajit on blood “pro-collagen type 1 alpha 1”, a fundamental molecule in collagen production, in recreationally trained men.
Dose
500 mg/day of shilajit (low-dose) or 1000 mg/day of shilajit (high-dose) or placebo
Participants
35 recreationally trained men with an average age of 21 years
Duration
8 weeks
Results
The study found an association between 8 weeks of shilajit supplementation (both high and low doses) and significant increases in “pro-collagen type 1 alpha 1” blood levels, compared to pre-supplementation levels. This increase in levels of pro-collagen type 1 alpha 1 indicates that collagen production also increased, which can contribute to improved joint and tissue health. This can potentially enhance overall physical activity and structural support in the body. A higher number of participants taking 1000 mg/day of shilajit experienced a significant increase in blood levels of pro-collagen type 1 alpha 1 (75%) compared to the placebo group (30%). No differences between the high and low dose shilajit groups (69%) or between the low dose Shilajit group and placebo group were observed.
To evaluate the effects of shilajit supplementation on muscular strength and blood hydroxyproline levels. Hydroxyproline is an amino acid that is a key component of collagen (a protein found in bones, cartilage, skin and muscles). Blood levels of hydroxyproline are used as an indicator of collagen breakdown from muscle and connective tissue following high-intensity exercise. This breakdown isn't necessarily a negative response, as when muscles experience stress (like from exercise), they can adapt and become stronger. However, consistently elevated hydroxyproline levels due to frequent, intense exercise without adequate recovery might suggest excessive damage and collagen breakdown. Over time, without proper rest and recovery, this can lead to overtraining or an increased risk of injury and weaker skin, joints, and bones.
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of shilajit supplementation on muscular strength and blood hydroxyproline levels. Hydroxyproline is an amino acid that is a key component of collagen (a protein found in bones, cartilage, skin and muscles). Blood levels of hydroxyproline are used as an indicator of collagen breakdown from muscle and connective tissue following high-intensity exercise. This breakdown isn't necessarily a negative response, as when muscles experience stress (like from exercise), they can adapt and become stronger. However, consistently elevated hydroxyproline levels due to frequent, intense exercise without adequate recovery might suggest excessive damage and collagen breakdown. Over time, without proper rest and recovery, this can lead to overtraining or an increased risk of injury and weaker skin, joints, and bones.
Dose
250 mg/day (low-dose) and 500 mg/day (high-dose) of shilajit or placebo Additional intervention: Leg extension exercise routine to induce muscle fatigue – a total of 100 leg extensions completed within a 5 minute period.
Participants
63 recreationally-active men with an average age of 21 years It is important to note that the subjects were divided into upper and lower 50th percentiles based on their pre-supplementation maximal voluntary isometric contraction (the strongest force a muscle can produce without moving) and blood hydroxyproline levels. The "upper 50th percentile" group would include individuals who had pre-supplementation levels of maximal voluntary isometric contraction and blood hydroxyproline higher than or equal to at least half of the others in the study. The "lower 50th percentile" group would include individuals who had pre-supplementation levels of maximal voluntary isometric contraction and blood hydroxyproline lower than at least half of the others in the study. This division was carried out in order to gain insights into the potential benefits of Shilajit supplementation in individuals with higher initial strength and hydroxyproline levels.
Duration
8 weeks (56 days)
Results
In simple terms, participants who took 500 mg/day of shilajit had a better ability to maintain their muscle strength after exercise compared to those who took a placebo or a smaller dose. In more technical terms, compared to the placebo and low-dose groups, participants taking the high dose of shilajit (500 mg/day) had a significantly lower “percent decline” in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (the strongest force a muscle can produce without moving) after exercise. A lower percent decline in maximal voluntary isometric contraction means that the muscles were less affected by fatigue or exertion, which can be a positive indicator of muscle endurance or recovery. These positive effects were particularly evident in participants who started the study with the highest levels of strength and hydroxyproline (upper 50th percentile group). The study also found an association between the higher dose of shilajit supplementation (500 mg/day) and significantly lower hydroxyproline levels in participants in the upper 50th percentile group, compared to the low-dose and placebo groups (after statistical adjustment). This decline in hydroxyproline levels potentially indicated a reduction in collagen breakdown from connective tissues, but not muscle (muscle damage often results from eccentric muscle actions, whilst this study involved concentric muscle actions), suggesting a potential benefit for connective tissue health (tendon and ligament health) and a reduced risk of injuries. It is important to note that consistently elevated hydroxyproline levels might suggest excessive tissue damage and collagen breakdown. Over time, without proper rest and recovery, this can lead to weaker joints and tendons. Overall, the findings of the study suggest that individuals who are already physically fit and have higher levels of baseline hydroxyproline may benefit more from shilajit supplementation in terms of its potential effect on exercise performance.
To investigate the effects of shilajit extract on muscle adaptation in overweight adults. Muscle adaptation refers to the changes that occur in muscles, such as increased strength and growth, in response to exercise or other environmental factors. Overweight individuals are at risk of reduced muscle mass, impaired muscle function, and difficulties in engaging in physical activity.
Study Type
Clinical trial (uncontrolled)
Purpose
To investigate the effects of shilajit extract on muscle adaptation in overweight adults. Muscle adaptation refers to the changes that occur in muscles, such as increased strength and growth, in response to exercise or other environmental factors. Overweight individuals are at risk of reduced muscle mass, impaired muscle function, and difficulties in engaging in physical activity.
Dose
500 mg/day of shilajit (2 x 250 mg capsules) Additional intervention: Treadmill exercise for the last 4 weeks of the study
Participants
16 overweight adults aged 21-70 years
Duration
12 weeks
Results
The study found an association between oral shilajit supplementation and improved muscle adaptation through the activation of extracellular matrix-related genes. These extracellular matrix-related genes help to improve muscle elasticity, repair, and regeneration, and help in transfer mechanical forces during muscle contraction. In simpler terms, the study found that taking shilajit supplements might help muscles get better at handling exercise and become stronger by activating certain genes related to the muscle's structure. Improved muscle adaptation is beneficial because it enhances physical performance, reduces the risk of injuries, improves metabolic health, aids in weight management, and contributes to overall well-being and longevity. The researchers also observed that shilajit supplementation alongside 4 weeks of treadmill exercise further increased the expression of these beneficial genes, further enhancing the positive effects on muscle strength and health. No negative effects of shilajit supplementation were reported.
Skin
To investigate the effects of shilajit supplementation on the activity of genes and microperfusion (the flow of blood in tiny blood vessels) in the skin in healthy adult females.
Study Type
Randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Purpose
To investigate the effects of shilajit supplementation on the activity of genes and microperfusion (the flow of blood in tiny blood vessels) in the skin in healthy adult females.
Dose
250 mg/day (low-dose) and 500 mg/day (high-dose) of standardised shilajit extract (2 x 125 mg or 250 capsules) or placebo
Participants
45 female subjects aged 30-65 years
Duration
14 weeks
Results
The researchers observed a heightened reddish hue in the skin among participants taking the 500 mg daily dose of shilajit, indicating improved microperfusion, meaning that more oxygen and nutrients are being delivered to the skin cells, and waste products are being removed more efficiently, which is generally considered a positive sign of improved skin health and function. The study also found an association between shilajit supplementation and the activation of specific genes involved in the movement of endothelial cells (the process in which the cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels migrate from one location to another within the blood vessel) and growth of blood vessels. Both movement of endothelial cells and blood vessel growth are known to play a vital role in wound healing, angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and inflammation. In participants taking shilajit, researchers observed increased activation of genes related to the extracellular matrix (a complex network of molecules that provide structural support to cells and tissues). Activation of these genes is beneficial as it contributes to cellular repair and maintains tissue health, helping to ensure proper functioning of the body's organs and tissues. The extracellular matrix is also known to play an essential role in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscles. These findings suggest that oral shilajit supplementation may help to improve blood vessel-related processes and blood flow in the skin.
Bone Health
To evaluate the effects of shilajit on the healing process of tibia fractures (shin bone fractures)
Study Type
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of shilajit on the healing process of tibia fractures (shin bone fractures)
Dose
1000 mg of shilajit (2 x 500 mg capsules plus 250 mL water, 1 hr before meals) or placebo
Participants
160 males and females with shin bone fractures aged 18-60 years (62 patients completed the study)
Duration
28 days of shilajit treatment (follow-up every 4 weeks after treatment period)
Results
Participants taking the shilajit supplement reported significantly shorter average healing times of their fractured shin bone, leading to a quicker restoration of its normal strength and function. Only two participants in the treatment group experienced mild to moderate symptoms (headache), but it did not impact their participation in the study. Overall, the study suggests that shilajit supplementation after shin bone fracture surgery is safe and may be a promising option to speed up the healing process of fractures.
Antioxidants
To investigate the effect of shilajit extract on bone mineral density (an essential indicator of bone strength and density) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia, a condition characterised by lower than normal bone density, but not as severe as osteoporosis.
Study Type
Prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Purpose
To investigate the effect of shilajit extract on bone mineral density (an essential indicator of bone strength and density) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia, a condition characterised by lower than normal bone density, but not as severe as osteoporosis.
Dose
250 mg/day and 500 mg/day of shilajit extract or placebo
Participants
59 postmenopausal women with osteopenia, aged 45-65 years
Duration
48 weeks
Results
The study found an association between daily supplementation with shilajit and a significant increase in bone mineral density compared to the placebo group. An increase in bone mineral density indicates stronger and denser bones as they contain more essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus, reducing the risk of fractures and conditions like osteoporosis. This improvement was more significant in participants taking a higher dose of 500 mg/day compared to those taking 250 mg/day. Additionally, the study also found an association between shilajit supplementation and significant reductions in bone turnover, which indicates a potential increase in or maintenance of bone density, though its impact on overall bone strength requires further investigation. The researchers observed significant reductions in the levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of chronic inflammation associated with ageing, low bone mineral density, and fracture risk, at week 48 in both groups of women supplemented with shilajit, compared to the placebo group. There was also a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress, along with a significant increase in glutathione, the body's primary antioxidant, at all timepoints in the shilajit supplemented groups, compared to the placebo group. Overall, shilajit extract may be beneficial in supporting bone health and reducing the risk of bone-related issues in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
How They Measured It
Bone mineral density was measured using imaging technology that uses X-rays to assess bone density.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Shilajit research
There are currently 8 peer-reviewed studies on Shilajit, involving 481 total participants. Research covers Testosterone & Sperm, Performance enhancement, Skin and 2 more areas. The overall evidence strength is rated as Strong.
The evidence is currently rated as "Strong Evidence". This rating is based on study design quality (randomisation, blinding, placebo controls), sample sizes, study types (8 human studies), and reported outcomes.
Shilajit has been researched for: Testosterone & Sperm, Performance enhancement, Skin, Bone Health, Antioxidants. Each area has its own body of evidence which you can explore in the study breakdowns above.
Yes, 8 out of 8 studies are human trials. Human trials carry more weight in our evidence scoring system.
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